The Handbook of Rubber Bonding (Revised Edition)

bestbelt600 · 发表于 2011-10-4 17:59:05

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Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1
1 Substrate Preparation Methods ....................................................................... 3
1.1 Metal Preparation - General Techniques ................................................ 3
1.1.1 Structure of Metal Substrates - Metallography .......................... 3
1.1.2 Bonding ..................................................................................... 5
1.1.3 Rubber Component with Metal Support ................................... 5
1.1.4 Metal Pre-treatments ................................................................. 6
1.2 Pre-treatments of Plastics and Rubbers ................................................ 12
1.2.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 12
1.2.2 Studies of Pre-treatments for Plastics ....................................... 13
1.2.3 Hydrocarbon Rubbers with Little or No Unsaturation ............ 19
1.2.4 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Rubbers ......................................... 20
1.2.5 Halogenated Rubbers .............................................................. 25
1.2.6 Miscellaneous Rubbers ............................................................ 26
1.2.7 Discussion ................................................................................ 27
1.2.8 Summary ................................................................................. 29
1.3 Bonding Rubbers to Plastic Substrates ................................................. 29
1.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 29
1.3.2 Plastics Substrate Preparation .................................................. 31
1.3.3 Degreasing and Solvent Cleaning ............................................. 35
1.3.4 Adhesive/Bonding Agent Choice .............................................. 36
1.4 Substrate Preparation for Bonding Using the Wet Blast Process ........... 42
1.4.1 Summary ................................................................................. 42
1.4.2 The Wet Blast Phosphating Plant ............................................. 42
1.4.3 Comparison Between Conventional and Wet Blast Phosphating .. 45
1.4.4 The Wet Blast Phosphating Plant ............................................. 46
1.4.5 Advantages of the Wet Blast Phosphating Plant ....................... 47
2 Rubber to Metal Bonding ............................................................................. 57
2.1 History................................................................................................. 57
2.2 Bond System Characteristics ................................................................ 62
2.2.1 Adhesive Characteristics .......................................................... 62
2.2.2 Compound Characteristics....................................................... 64
2.3 Adhesion .............................................................................................. 66
2.4 Effective Bond Formation .................................................................... 71
2.5 Post Vulcanisation Bonding ................................................................. 73
2.6 Factors Affecting Bond Integrity .......................................................... 73
2.7 Bond Failure Types .............................................................................. 74
2.8 Bond Test Procedures ........................................................................... 76
2.9 Summary.............................................................................................. 77
3 Rubber to Metal and Other Substrate Bonding ............................................. 81
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 81
3.1.1 Foreword ................................................................................. 81
3.1.2 History .................................................................................... 81
3.1.3 Types of Bonding ..................................................................... 82
3.1.4 The Bonding Process - An Overview ........................................ 83
3.1.5 Development of Bonding ......................................................... 84
3.1.6 Bonding Agent Reliability ........................................................ 84
3.1.7 The Environment and Solvent Use ........................................... 86
3.1.8 Methods of Reduction in Solvent Emissions ............................ 87
3.2 Substrates and their Preparation .......................................................... 87
3.2.1 Mechanical Treatment of Metals ............................................. 88
3.2.2 The Abrasion Process............................................................... 90
3.2.3 Levels of metal cleanliness ....................................................... 92
3.2.4 Time Window .......................................................................... 93
3.2.5 Chemical Preparation of Surfaces ............................................ 94
3.2.6 Future Developments ............................................................... 96
3.3 Bonding Agent Preparation .................................................................. 97
3.3.1 Solvent-borne Bonding Systems ............................................... 97
3.4 Bonding Agent Application and Use .................................................... 98
3.4.1 Application Methods ............................................................... 98
3.4.2 Waterborne Bonding Systems ................................................... 98
3.4.3 Bonding Agent Thickness......................................................... 99
3.5 Post Vulcanisation Bonding ............................................................... 100
3.5.1 Post Vulcanisation Bonding Applications............................... 100
3.5.2 Choice of Bonding Agent for Post Vulcanisation Bonding ..... 100
3.5.3 Rubber Substrate Preparation for PV Bonding....................... 101
3.5.4 Metal Substrate Preparation .................................................. 101
3.5.5 Methods of Application ......................................................... 101
3.6 Waterborne Bonding Systems ............................................................. 103
3.6.1 History .................................................................................. 103
3.6.2 Differences Between Solvent and Waterborne Bonding Agents .. 103
3.6.3 Suggested Spraying Equipment and Conditions ..................... 105
3.6.4 Application and Substrate Temperatures ............................... 105
3.6.5 Film Thickness ....................................................................... 106
3.6.6 Layover .................................................................................. 106
3.6.7 Progress in Performance......................................................... 106
3.7 Health and Safety in the Workplace ................................................... 109
3.7.1 The Safety Data Sheet ............................................................ 109
3.7.2 Perspective ............................................................................. 110
3.8 Bonding Agent Testing ....................................................................... 110
3.9 Shelf Life Considerations ................................................................... 112
3.9.1 Shelf Life Categories .............................................................. 113
3.9.2 Procedures for Re-certification of Bonding Agents ................ 113
3.10 Troubleshooting ................................................................................. 115
3.11 Summary............................................................................................ 120
4 Bonding Rubber to Metals with Waterborne Adhesive Systems .................. 125
4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 125
4.1.1 Solvent Elimination by the Rubber Industry .......................... 126
4.1.2 Techniques Necessary in Bonding of Rubber to Meet
Local Environmental Pollution Limits ................................... 127
4.2 Waterborne Bonding Systems ............................................................. 127
4.2.1 Structure of Organic Solvent-based Bonding Systems ............ 127
4.2.2 Structure of Waterborne Bonding Systems ............................. 127
4.2.3 Fundamentals of Waterborne Bonding Agent Application ..... 128
4.2.4 Waterborne Bonding Systems in Factory Usage ..................... 128
4.2.5 Metal Preparation - For Waterborne Bonding Systems .......... 129
4.2.6 Waterborne Bonding Agent Application ................................ 129
4.2.7 Waterborne Bonding Agent Storage Stability ......................... 130
4.2.8 Non Bond Advantages of Waterborne Bonding Systems ........ 130
4.2.9 General Comments - Waterborne Bonding Agents ................. 130
4.3 Waterborne Bonding Agents - A Factory Experience ......................... 131
4.3.1 Thickness Effects ................................................................... 131
4.3.2 Pre-bake Resistance ............................................................... 133
4.3.3 Primers .................................................................................. 134
4.3.4 Polymer Range ....................................................................... 134
4.3.5 Product Range ....................................................................... 134
4.3.6 Current Disadvantages of Waterborne Bonding Agents ......... 134
5 Rubber to Rubber Bonding ......................................................................... 137
5.1 Bonding of Unvulcanised Rubbers ..................................................... 137
5.1.1 Tack/Autohesion .................................................................... 137
5.1.2 Influence of Vulcanisation System .......................................... 139
5.1.3 Influence of Filler Type .......................................................... 140
5.1.4 Effects of Plasticisers/Process Oils .......................................... 141
5.1.5 Effects of Tackifiers ............................................................... 141
5.1.6 Effects of Other Ingredients ................................................... 142
5.1.7 Effects of Surface Modification .............................................. 142
5.1.8 Effects of Surface Roughness ................................................. 144
5.1.9 Influence of Contact Time/Pressure/Temperature ................... 144
5.1.10 Effects of Blooming................................................................ 145
5.1.11 Effects of Ageing .................................................................... 146
5.1.12 Testing of Tack/Autohesion Levels ......................................... 147
5.1.13 Adhesion Theories ................................................................. 148
5.2 Bonding of Vulcanised Rubbers to Unvulcanised Rubbers ................. 150
5.3 Bonding of Vulcanised Rubbers ......................................................... 152
5.3.1 Strip Bonding of Tyre Retreading Components...................... 152
5.3.2 Effects of Strip Thickness ....................................................... 155
5.3.3 Effects of Surface Roughness ................................................. 156
5.3.4 Effects of Temperature on Bonding ........................................ 156
5.3.5 Effects of the Chemical Nature of Polymers/
Polymeric Additives/Surface Roughness ................................. 156
5.3.6 Urethane Adhesive Systems .................................................... 158
5.3.7 Surface Treatments to Improve Bonding ................................ 158
5.3.8 Effects of Contact Time/Surface Bloom.................................. 159
5.4. The Mechanism of Adhesion of Fully Cured Rubbers........................ 159
6 Rubber-Brass Bonding ................................................................................. 163
6.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 163
6.2 Mechanism of Rubber-Brass Bonding ................................................ 165
6.2.1 Reviews ................................................................................. 165
6.2.2 Recent Mechanistic Studies .................................................... 165
6.2.3 Updated Rubber-Brass Adhesion Model ................................ 170
6.2.4 New Evidence for Ageing of the Interfacial Sulphide Film ..... 177
6.2.5 Compounding for Brass Adhesion ......................................... 180
6.2.6 Additives to Compounds for Brass Adhesion ......................... 181
6.2.7 Developments in Metal Pre-treatments .................................. 184
6.2.8 Developments of Novel Alloys for Bonding to Rubber .......... 189
6.2.9 Miscellaneous ........................................................................ 190
6.2.10 Summary ............................................................................... 190
7 Review of Tyre Cord Adhesion ................................................................... 197
7.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 197
7.2 Accepted Mechanisms of Rubber-Brass Bonding ............................... 198
7.3 Ageing of the Rubber-Brass Bond ...................................................... 200
7.4 Metal Organic Cobalt Salts................................................................ 201
7.5 The Role of Resins and Silica/Resin Systems ...................................... 205
7.6 Summary............................................................................................ 208
8 Rubber to Metal Bonding Using Metallic Coagents .................................... 213
8.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 214
8.2 Metallic Coagents .............................................................................. 215
8.2.1 Scorch Safety ......................................................................... 217
8.2.2 Tensile Properties ................................................................... 219
8.2.3 Tear Strength ......................................................................... 220
8.3 Experimental ..................................................................................... 221
8.3.1 Materials ............................................................................... 221
8.4 Results and Discussion....................................................................... 229
8.4.1 Adhesion to Metals ................................................................ 229
8.4.2 Adhesion to Fibres and Fabrics .............................................. 235
8.5 Summary............................................................................................ 238
9 Rubber to Fabric Bonding ........................................................................... 241
9.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 241
9.2 Adhesive Systems ............................................................................... 241
9.2.1 Aqueous Fabric Treatments ................................................... 241
9.2.2 Solvent-Based Adhesive Systems ............................................ 248
9.2.3 In Situ Bonding Systems......................................................... 249
9.3 Mechanisms of Adhesion ................................................................... 250
9.3.1 Dip/rubber Interface .............................................................. 250
9.3.2 Dip/textile Interface ............................................................... 252
9.4 Other Factors Affecting Adhesion ...................................................... 253
9.4.1 Storage of Treated Textiles ..................................................... 253
9.4.2 Adhesion in Service ................................................................ 254
9.5 Environmental Aspects ...................................................................... 254
9.5.1 Storage and Handling ............................................................ 254
9.5.2 In Process ............................................................................... 255
9.5.3 Wastes and Disposal .............................................................. 255
10 Bonding Rubber with Cyanoacrylates ......................................................... 259
10.1 Introduction ....................................................................................... 259
10.2 Liquid Cyanoacrylates ....................................................................... 259
10.3 Curing of Cyanoacrylates .................................................................. 260
10.3.1 Factors Affecting Cure ........................................................... 261
10.3.2 Cure Speed ............................................................................. 263
10.4 Types of Cyanoacrylate ...................................................................... 263
10.4.1 Bonding to Acidic and Porous Substrates............................... 264
10.4.2 Toughened Cyanoacrylates .................................................... 265
10.4.3 Flexible Cyanoacrylates ......................................................... 266
10.4.4 UV Curing Systems ................................................................ 266
10.5 Design Considerations ....................................................................... 266
10.5.1 Minimise Peel and Deavage Loads .................................... 267
10.5.2 Bond Line Thickness ......................................................... 268
10.5.3 Special Requirements for Bonding with Cyanoacrylates.... 269
10.5.4 Internal and External Mould Release Agents .................... 269
10.5.5 Successful Joint Design ...................................................... 269
10.6 Bonding to Silicone Rubber............................................................. 270
10.7 Environmental Resistance ............................................................... 270
10.7.1 Glass Bonding ................................................................... 272
10.7.2 Hot Strength ..................................................................... 272
10.8 Activators........................................................................................ 274
10.9 Application Methods for Cyanoacrylates ........................................ 275
10.9.1 Pressure/Time Systems ....................................................... 275
10.9.2 Syringe Systems ................................................................. 276
10.10 Health and Safety and Handling Precautions .................................. 276
10.11 Typical Applications........................................................................ 277
10.11.1 Bonding Nitrile, Polychloroprene and Natural Rubbers.... 277
10.11.2 Bonding EPDM ................................................................. 277
10.11.3 Bonding Santoprene and Silicone Rubbers ........................ 279
10.11.4 Bonding Medical Devices .................................................. 279
10.12 Troubleshooting .............................................................................. 280
10.12.1 Blooming of Cyanoacrylates ............................................. 280
11 Bonding Silicone Rubber to Various Substrate ............................................ 285
11.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 285
11.2 Why Bond Silicone Rubber?............................................................ 286
11.3 Material Combinations of Interest - Examples ................................ 287
11.3.1 Silicone to Silicone Bonding (Soft and Soft) ...................... 287
11.3.2 Silicone to Plastic Bonding (Soft and Hard) ...................... 288
11.3.3 Silicone to Metal Bonding (Soft and Hard) ....................... 288
11.3.4 Why Use Silicone Rubber for Such Composites? ............... 288
11.4 Some Applications of Silicone Rubber Composites ......................... 290
11.5 Bonding Concepts ........................................................................... 291
11.5.1 Undercuts .......................................................................... 291
11.5.2 Primers .............................................................................. 292
11.5.3 Self-adhesive Silicone Rubbers .......................................... 292
11.5.4 The Build-up of Adhesion ................................................. 292
11.6 Bonding of Liquid Rubber (LR) ...................................................... 293
11.6.1 Properties of Self-adhesive LR ........................................... 297
11.6.2 Limitations of Self-adhesive LR ......................................... 298
11.7 Bonding of Solid Rubber (HTV) ..................................................... 299
11.7.1 Self-adhesive HTV Silicone Rubber Applications .............. 299
11.7.2 Applications for Self-adhesive HTV .................................. 301
11.7.3 HTV Used in Other Bonding Applications ........................ 303
11.8 Processing Techniques ..................................................................... 303
11.8.1 Liquid Rubbers in Inserted Parts Technology .................... 303
11.8.2 LR in Two-component Injection Moulding Technology
(Two Colour Mould) ......................................................... 306
11.9 Silicone to Silicone Bonding (Soft and Soft) .................................... 308
11.10 Cable Industry ................................................................................ 309
11.11 Duration of Bonding Properties ...................................................... 309
11.11.1 Duration of Bonding - Chemically Bonded Composites .... 311
11.12 Alternatives to Injection Moulding ................................................. 313
11.12.1 Adhesives .......................................................................... 313
11.12.2 Welding ............................................................................. 313
11.12.3 Mechanical Bonding Techniques After Moulding.............. 314
11.13 Summary ......................................................................................... 314
12 Failures in Rubber Bonding to Substrates ................................................... 319
12.1.1 Introduction ...................................................................... 319
12.1.2 Incorrect Moulding Procedures ......................................... 328
12.1.3 Incorrect Production Quality Testing Procedures .............. 329
12.1.4 Corrosion in Service .......................................................... 330
12.1.5 Product Abuse ................................................................... 333
12.1.6 Other Failure Modes ......................................................... 333
12.1.7 Factors Affecting Adhesion of Rubbers ............................. 334
12.1.8 Topography of Substrate ................................................... 335
12.1.9 Surface Conditions of Adherend ....................................... 335
12.1.10 Classification of Rubber According to their Wettabilities .. 336
12.1.11 Bonding - Interphase or Interface Considerations ............. 337
12.1.12 Problems in Adhesion........................................................ 339
12.2 Rubber Bonding in Power Transmission Belting ............................. 339
12.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................... 339
12.2.2 Power Transmission Belt Failure Modes............................ 340
12.2.3 Adhesion Systems in Power Transmission Belts ................. 346
12.2.4 Adhesion Testing in Power Transmission Belts .................. 347
12.3 Undesirable Adhesion Occuring Under Service Conditions (Fixing) .. 349
12.3.1 Factors Affecting ‘Fixing’ .................................................. 349
12.3.2 Prevention of ‘Fixing’ ........................................................ 351
12.3.3 Other Methods of Preventing ‘Fixing’ -
Examined Experimentally ................................................. 351
Abbreviations and Acronyms............................................................................. 357
Author Index ..................................................................................................... 363
Company Index ................................................................................................. 371
Main Index ........................................................................................................ 373

无星星的夜空 · 发表于 2011-10-4 18:21:16

看不懂。。。

平常心 · 发表于 2011-10-4 18:28:47

资料不错。谢谢分享！

LSRUNQI · 发表于 2011-10-4 19:40:46

不错资料。已下载。正在看一篇外文的关于粘合方面的可以一起看了。

Dinnishua · 发表于 2011-10-5 09:09:16

资料应该是不错的，但是价格太高

bestbelt600 · 发表于 2011-10-5 20:03:05

物超所值

jakkky · 发表于 2011-11-14 01:06:30

应该不错

浦江 · 发表于 2011-11-14 08:18:44

学习一下，谢谢楼主！

hliu2006 · 发表于 2015-10-29 08:20:05

好东西，收藏

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The Handbook of Rubber Bonding (Revised Edition)

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