《红楼梦》西文译本一瞥

胶大 · 发表于 2007-6-7 09:09:40

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文：姜其煌出处：读书 1980年第4期早在1842年，就有西人尔·汤姆(R.Thom)，用英文选译《红楼梦》，发表于宁波《中国话》杂志。这位汤姆先生，真可说是传播《红楼梦》的先驱了。但这还算不上是正式的译本。《红楼梦》的真正第一个西文译本，是1892年赫·本克拉夫特·乔利(H.Bencraft Joly)的英文节译本。乔利的《红楼梦》英文节译本，只出了两卷。第一卷24回，1892年由香港凯利·沃尔什出版社出版；第二卷32回，1893年由澳门商务排印局出版。两卷共56回，中间一回也没有删节。书为大开本，褐色绸面精装，印刷纸张都相当漂亮。标题是《红楼梦》，中国小说，但无曹雪芹字样，因为译者还不知道作者姓名。第一卷前，有译者小序一篇，说“翻译本书的动机，并非想使自己跻身于汉学家之林，而是我在北京求学时曾因堕入《红楼梦》迷宫而感到困惑。……对现在或将来学习中文的学生，拙译如能稍有帮助，我就感到十分满足”云云，似乎旨在帮助欧洲人学习汉语。除此之外，没有任何其他说明或注释。译者本克拉夫特·乔利，原为英国驻澳门副领事，后为驻中国领事。吴世昌说，“上一世纪有人试为全译，但不幸因译者去世而中止”，指的可能就是这位乔利先生。人们对他的评价是：西欧译《红楼梦》的第一人，但译笔不佳，连英国人看来都不大好懂。此后几十年间，《红楼梦》的翻译又暂告沉寂，直至五四运动爆发，“新红学派”兴起，《红楼梦》又成为中外学人瞩目的对象。于是，就有1929年王际真(Chi－chen Wang)英文节译本的问世。这个译本有两种，一种是淡黄绸面精装，一册，封面有黛玉葬花木刻一幅，毛边印行，装帧素雅。一种是袖珍本，封面为红色，纸张印刷较差。两种本子的标题和页码是统一的，所以是一个版本的两种本子。出版者：纽约道布尔德·杜兰出版社。全书包括一个楔子和39回。楔子是：甄士隐梦幻识通灵，贾雨村风尘怀闺秀。第39回是：中乡魁宝玉却尘缘，违本意花袭人出嫁。每回之中，又根据故事情节，分成若干小节，基本上是转述式的意译。这个译本删节较多，但却有阿瑟·韦利(Arthur Wa－ley)一篇五千字的序言和译者一个七千字的说明。他们说，《红楼梦》揭示了一个大家庭的衰败过程，而且打破了中国小说传统的大团圆结局。译序者还对曹雪芹、高鹗作了评价，并介绍了《脂评本》情况。与乔利译本相比，对《红楼梦》的认识，无疑已起了质的变化。解放以后，1954年我国开展了一场关于《红楼梦》的讨论。在这种背景下，出现了我们看到的第三个英文译本——1958年英国出版的节译本。译者弗洛伦斯·麦克休和伊萨贝尔·麦克休(Florence and Isa－bel McHugh)姐妹。出版者：伦敦劳特利杰－基根·保罗出版社。译者说明系根据弗兰茨·库恩(Franz Kuhn)博士的德文本转译。这个版本与众不同之处，是库恩博士亲自为它写了一篇序言，叙述了《红楼梦》作者情况、标题、时代背景、故事地点等等。译者作了一点简要注释，如太太，注明是主人之妻，奶奶是主人子之妻。全书一册，红色布面精装，配以中国木刻插图(选自改琦《红楼梦图咏》)，外观可称精雅。在同一时代背景下(1958年)，美国也出版了一个《红楼梦》英文节译本。深青色布面精装，一册。翻译的人，就是1929年《红楼梦》英文本译者王际真。出版者，纽约吐温出版社。这个译本的特点，和1929年的译本一样，译序者对中国小说史、《红楼梦》的内容、作者生平、版本出处，都有一定研究。所以无论序言或说明，尽管存在着观点上的问题，但都有一定的份量。马克·范·多伦(Mark van Doren)在序言中，除赞扬译笔水平以外，着重强调说，这是一个恋爱故事，宝玉和黛玉是罗密欧和朱丽叶；说伟大的恋爱故事，不管地点和时间，不分东方和西方，都能使读者感动，云云。这些说法，似乎并不比1929年韦利的序言高明。但译者的说明，却有显著的进步。他进一步考证了曹家的家谱，康熙、雍正年间的历史背景以及高鹗的续书情况。不过对译文的取舍，仍以宝黛恋爱为主线，自以为有关宝黛的主要情节已囊括无遗。次要情节，如小红失帕，龄官画蔷等等，虽然也十分优美，但都割爱了。译者说明，节译本从前80回中摘了53回，从后40回中摘了7回，一共是60回。第一回与最后一回回目，与1929年版本相同，内容则几乎增加一半。虽然如此，这仍然是一个最多堪与库恩德译本相伯仲的节译本。我们看到的第五个，也是最新一个《红楼梦》英译本，就是英国出版的120回全译本《石头记》。这个本子基本上根据程高本译出，但有时也参照各种抄本。第一卷已于1973年问世，全书准备分五卷出版。我们现在只看到一、二两卷。译者：大卫·霍克思(David Hawkes)。霍克思曾是北大研究生。北大图书馆收藏的这个译本，就是霍克思本人赠送的。出版者：企鹅出版社。第一卷共26回，标题叫黄金时代，封面印彩色中国古画一帧，是唐寅的仕女吹箫图。扉页有曹雪芹小传。封底载《红楼梦》内容简介，说“《石头记》是中国文学中一部伟大的世俗小说，它叙述了名门望族贾家的盛衰(这极似作者自己的身世)。书中两位主角宝玉和黛玉活动的背景，是一幅用幽默、实际生活细节和优美诗歌织成的绚丽的锦绣。”译者写了二万字的长序，大致谈到了作者、版本、历史背景、康熙皇帝、雍正和他兄弟间的斗争、高鹗续书、脂砚斋、畸笏叟等等，但主要谈的是曹家历史与小说情节的关系。书中附有汉语拼音说明、贾家家谱、金陵十二钗和红楼梦曲介绍、第一卷人名表。第二卷共27回，标题叫海棠社。书前也有一个拼音说明和一篇序言。序言主要叙述第二卷内容及原文前后不接榫情况。书后有4个附录，着重讲解一些英语读者难于理解的东西，如中国律诗、中国牌九、中国谜语等等。这介绍颇详细，说明译者对中国习俗有一定的研究，这恐怕是其他译本所没有的。总的说来，译者偏重考证，而忽视小说的社会意义和艺术成就。现在我们可以来看《红楼梦》德文版情况。据我们所知，德文版实际上也许只有一种，这就是前面提到的弗兰茨·库恩节译本。这个译本，有1932、1948、1951、1957、1959和1974年共6个本子。我们现在见到的，只有1951、1959和1974年3个版本。 1951年的库恩德文节译本，共50回，一册，839页。出版者：威斯巴登《岛》出版社。黄色布面精装。全书采用摘译方式，叙述了主要故事。删节较多，译出的不到全书一半。译者写了一篇十几页的序言，内容大致近似1958年的英译本序。译者说，他的译本是把新老两种原文版本揉在一起的。老的是来比锡大学东亚研究班藏的1832年版(大概指王希廉评本)，新的是上海商务印书馆出的详解新版(大概指商务本《石头记》)。这是一个比较重要的《红楼梦》译本，英、法、意、荷、匈等多种欧洲文字，都曾据此转译。评论者对这个本子的看法是：它的译文今天仍然应该受到称赞，因为它传达了原作抒情和细腻的特点。 1959年，来比锡《岛》出版社也出版了库恩的德译本《红楼梦》，精装一册，封面为淡黄色。内容与上述版本基本相同。德译本《红楼梦》最新的一个版本，是1974年的库恩译本。扉页上写着：曹雪芹著《红楼梦》，清朝的一部小说，附木刻34幅，来比锡《岛》出版社出版。书为淡黄布面精装，一册。护封勒口上有一个内容简介，说“《红楼梦》一书，描述了清朝十八世纪一个贵族家庭的盛衰。贾家原是望族，主子们的贪欲、骄横和霸道，毁灭了自己的社会地位和内部团结。他们还用欺骗手段，剥夺了贾家两个年青人的恋爱幸福……书中对古老的中华封建帝国，进行了广泛描述，而德国汉学家弗兰茨·库恩的功绩，就在于使这种描述清楚地进入了欧洲的视野。”书末有埃瓦·米勒(Eva Müller)的一篇后记。后记说，雪芹当时已经接受了黄宗羲等人的自由、平等思想。他落魄的经历和他对社会的观察，使他看到了封建贵族覆灭的必然命运，而时代的局限，又使他找不到出路。说《红楼梦》是中国古典小说的顶峰，小说的主题构思、人物性格和艺术手法，都有不同于前人的独创。这篇后记，也许是《红楼梦》西文版中最佳的序跋之一。如果和1951年版的序言相比较，二十年来西方对《红楼梦》的研究，已有了长足的进步。法译本《红楼梦》，我们看到的只有1957年的节译本。译者：阿梅尔·盖尔纳(Armel Guerne)。出版者：巴黎居伊勒普拉公司。书前说明是根据库恩德译本转译的。全书50回，红色纸面平装。附改琦《红楼梦图咏》中宝玉木刻一帧。米勒在1974年库恩德译本后记中，说这是一个比较好的法译本。俄国早在1880年，就有人论述《红楼梦》，但一直没有译本问世。目前我们看到的译本，只有一种，但是比较重要的一种，这就是1958年的俄文全译本《红楼梦》。译者弗·阿·巴纳楚克(B.A.Панасюk)。出版者：莫斯科国家文艺出版社。全书据程高本译出，分上下两册，各60回，红色纸面精装。每册书后，都有比较详细的注释，大多介绍中国历史人物及神话故事，这大概是欧美译本中最详细的注释了。上册有恩·特·费德林柯(H.T.фeдорен－ко)的一篇长序，标题是《中国小说和<红楼梦>》。费氏在序言中叙述了源远流长的中国文学和中国小说，介绍了曹家历史、雪芹经历、高鹗续书情况以及小说故事的梗概。在谈到小说的艺术成就和社会意义时，说作者“善于在十八世纪中国社会生活的背景上，创造出杰出的形象，进行细腻的心理分析和深刻的个性描述。”“作者对十八世纪的清代社会生活，进行了淋漓尽致的刻划。作者坚决反对中世纪社会制度和家庭制度对人格的侮辱，揭露了逼迫正直人自杀的吃人礼教和贪污受贿、腐化堕落的统治阶级的残酷和道德沦亡。” 1974年德译本后记，对这个译本评价较高，说“这个译本的功绩，就在于为《红楼梦》赢得了广大的欧洲读者，也为小说赢得了人们对它的尊敬。”因为这是欧美第一个全译本，所以米勒这些话，可能是比较中肯的。除苏联以外，中国古典小说在东欧一向很少传播，这方面的学术文章也较少出现。但1959年布达佩斯欧洲出版社却打破了这个惯例，出版了一个匈牙利文的《红楼梦》节译本。书分上下两册，淡蓝布面精装，印刷、装订、纸张都相当讲究。这也是根据库恩本转译的一个本子。译者拉扎尔·乔治(Lazar Gyrgy)。书前有序言一篇，并附有各种称呼解释(如请安、姑娘、奶奶等等，并且一律音译)和贾家家谱。此书1962年出了第二版，改成一册，淡黄布面精装。前言改成后记，并附彩色插图8张。1964年又出了一版，改成米黄布面精装，一册。删去了前言和后记，只剩下对称呼的解释和家谱。插图也没有了。但正文50回却没有变动。 1975年，布加勒斯特也出版了一个罗马尼亚文《红楼梦》节译本。译者伊列阿纳·霍卡－维利斯库(Ileana Hogea－Veliscu)。书前说明据1957年北京人民文学出版社版译出。书中刊载了有关《红楼梦》及其作者的大事记。页末有较多脚注，是本书一大特色。平装袖珍本三册。第一册封面为绿色，有宝玉木刻，扉页附作者“曹雪芹小像”，11回。第二册封面为蓝色，有黛玉木刻，14回。第三册封面为粉红色，有宝钗木刻，14回。全书共摘译39回。除杨宪益、戴乃迭翻译的英文全译本外，我们看到的《红楼梦》西文译本，就是这14种。根据我们的不完全统计(只选译几回而发表于报章杂志者，均略去不计)，国外出版的《红楼梦》西文译本，到目前为止，一共有22种。其中英译本7种，德译本6种，匈译本3种，法译本2种，俄、意、荷、罗译本各1种。除上面介绍的14种以外，还有8种我们没有看到，其中有3种是库恩的德译本，还有3种(英、意、荷各1种)是库恩本的转译；另有一种，是王良志1927年的英文节译本，1979年《社会科学战线》杂志第一期已有专文介绍。剩下比较重要的一种，是所传李治华(Li Tche－houa)翻译的法文全译本。1970年法国《通用百科全书》于《红楼梦》条目下，也说《红楼梦》法文全译本即将由《东方知识社》出版，但至今我们没有看到，这是十分遗憾的事。

胶大 · 发表于 2007-6-7 09:10:26

杨宪益：他把《红楼梦》译成英文

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作者：首都图书网转载自：首都图书网发布日期：2006-11-29

他把《红楼梦》译成英文———中文名著英译权威追忆一生
首都图书ShouDuBook.Com

　　杨宪益

1915年出生于天津，1936年进入英国牛津大学莫顿学院研究古希腊罗马文学、中古法国文学及英国文学。1940年回国在重庆中央大学等学校任教。

　　1943年后在重庆北碚及南京任编译馆编纂，1953年调至北京外文出版社，曾与夫人戴乃迭（英籍华人学者）合作翻译中国古典小说《魏晋南北朝小说选》、《唐代传奇选》、《宋明平话小说选》、《聊斋选》、全本《儒林外史》、全本《红楼梦》等，以及《鲁迅全集》、《青春之歌》等。

　　庭院深深的少年时光

　　我妈妈说她生我之前做了一个梦，梦见一只老虎跳进了她的肚子，算命先生说这既是吉兆又是凶兆，这个男孩将来会很不错，但他是凶星，他出生后家里会死很多人，第一个死的将是他的父亲。对于这个说法，家里人也相信。为什么不相信呢？中国人从前都是迷信的。

　　我五岁那年，父亲去世了。我从小就知道自己是白虎星。自从我念了书之后，在14岁左右的时候，我就开始不相信神鬼，也不相信有另外一个世界，人死了就是真死了。

　　大家庭里出来的孩子都不会喜欢大家庭。我小时候，家里的妹妹们和堂兄弟都先后上了小学和中学，但我被一个人关在家里念私塾，家人不放心我去上学。12岁的时候，家里人终于同意我进了一所教会学校。我也从不好好念书，总是考第二名。有人说你稍微念一念书就能考第一，但我从来都不去考第一名。

　　1934年春我高中毕业，家里打算让我在国内读完了大学再出国留学。我参加了燕京大学的考试，因为考试成绩优秀，燕京大学破例决定让我跳一级，入学就从二年级开始读起，可我更想上的是清华和北大。

　　正在我准备这两所学校的联考的时候，中学里有一位对我很好的英国老师郎曼先生找到我的家里人说，他正好要回英国度假，可以带我去伦敦，他会照顾我。

　　家里本来是不会放心我出国的，但是在我十三四岁的时候，家里给我请了一位年轻女教师，为我补习英语和数学，她叫徐剑生，丈夫对她不好，她呆在家里很孤独，就出来找事做。我拿她的名字开玩笑，用“徐剑生”作上联，下联对了个“快枪毙”。相处几年下来之后，我喜欢上她了，她也对我有了感情。我那时才十几岁，她已经三十多岁了。我的母亲担心我会谈恋爱，她怕家里出丑闻，决定让我出国学习。

　　牛津毕业，弃哈佛回中国

　　到了伦敦，郎曼先生为我找了个很好的希腊文老师，是个牛津毕业生。第一次和老师见面的时候，他问我：“你想去牛津还是剑桥？这是两所最好的大学。”“两个之中哪一个更好？”“当然是牛津，但是牛津比剑桥更难考。”“那我就去牛津吧。”当年，去剑桥的中国人要比去牛津的多，因为剑桥注重理工科，中国人都去那儿学习科学。

　　上中学时，我买到过一本由福建人林文庆翻译的中英文对照本《离骚》，仔细念完之后觉得诗译得比较死板，还有许多错误的地方。到了牛津之后，我发现屈原的《离骚》和英国18世纪的诗体有相像之处，出于好玩的心理，我用英文的英雄偶句体把《离骚》翻译了出来，也是为了向牛津的老师显摆一下中国也有悠久的文学传统。

　　毕业时，我收到了两封信，一封信来自哈佛大学，信中说如果我想继续学习古典希腊文和拉丁文的话，哈佛大学可以邀请我担任中文助教，但我回绝了他们的好意，我说我的老家已经被日本人占领，但我还是必须回到中国去。另一封信是西南联大的聘书，请我去担任希腊文和拉丁文教师，是沈从文和吴宓听别人说起我并看了我在高中写的诗之后，热心地向校方推荐了我。

　　走时，我问我的英国女友格莱迪丝（也就是后来的妻子戴乃迭）：“我们不是一块到美国去，而是到中国的内地去，我是预备回去受苦的，你受不受得了？”她还是坚决地说要跟我一块儿回中国。

　　昆明也是当时日本轰炸的重点目标之一，我母亲坚决不让我去，重庆的中央大学英语系请我留下来教书，尽管我知道中央大学在学术圈的名声不太好，但在与我母亲分开这么多年了又要离开她，我也过意不去，就接受了这个工作。

　　这个决定对我以后的生活有很大的影响，因为我要是去了西南联大，我就搞希腊文、拉丁文了。而且那个学校的前身是清华和北大，我要是和他们在一起，日本投降之后，我就会到北京来了，而不会隔了那么长的时间才来，也不会到国立编译馆，也许就不做翻译工作了。

　　梁实秋引领走上翻译路

　　在重庆中央大学分校教书时期，我利用业余时间翻译了《儒林外史》和《阿Q正传》。

　　那时候，梁实秋是位于重庆的国立编译馆翻译委员会的负责人，过去翻译委员会主要是从事英译中的工作，梁实秋想开辟一个新领域，把中国的经典著作翻译成英文介绍到西方，他聘请我和戴乃迭去工作。

　　梁实秋听说我的兴趣是中国古代史之后，建议我翻译司马光的《资治通鉴》，由戴乃迭协助我翻译，我们在那儿一直待到1949年后这个机构被撤销为止。在1944年到1946年那三年里，我们译完了从战国到西汉的约36卷。1949年以后，我顾及不到它，也没有人再提及这部书。

　　80年代，我索性把全部手稿送给了一个澳大利亚朋友。

　　1952年，北京来了一纸调令，要调我们到北京参加“亚太和平会议”的翻译工作。到了北京，学术界的老朋友都极力劝我们留在北京，尤其是外文出版社的副社长刘尊棋，拼命地要拉我们参加这个出版社，说要搞一个像商务印书馆那样的出版社，不过是有系统地对外介绍中国的文化，这一点比较打动我。

　　加入外文出版社的《中国文学》杂志之后，我们初步设想是选150种古典文学名著，从《诗经》一直到清末的文学，当代文学从鲁迅起到当时再选100种。戴乃迭翻译过《太阳照在桑干河上》，我翻译中国古典作品多一些。

　　受命翻译“读了一半”的《红楼梦》

　　在外文出版社工作期间，我认识了周扬，那时候他是文化部部长。有一天他突然想到我懂希腊文和拉丁文，就找到我说：“《荷马史诗》没人翻译，你为什么不翻译？”结果他就把我调出来翻译《荷马史诗》。

　　我译完《奥德修纪》之后，外文出版社说你是我们外文社的人，也应该帮外文社做点事情，于是又让我翻译《红楼梦》。我说：“我不喜欢看《红楼梦》。”我小时候读《红楼梦》，只读了一半都没读完。不过我在外文出版社里面工作，他们要我翻译什么我就翻译什么吧，人要吃饭嘛。

　　刚刚开始没多久，我遇到一个英国朋友，他是一个汉学家，叫大卫·霍克斯，他告诉我说：“我在翻译《红楼梦》，已经翻译了两年多了。”

　　我说：“我不知道你也在翻译《红楼梦》，如果知道你在翻译的话，我就不翻译它了。”

　　他说：“没关系，我们一人翻译一个版本。”他翻译出来的版本用的名字是《石头记》，我为了显得和他的稍微不一样，就用了《红楼梦》这个书名。说我是翻译家，其实我爱人才是翻译家。都是我把初稿翻译出来，交给她加工，她费的力气比我的还大。

　　因为《中国文学》杂志后来从外文出版社分出去成了一个独立机构，而我和戴乃迭是《中国文学》杂志社的人，《中国文学》杂志社的党支部书记说：“你在我们这边，却在为外单位工作，应该要求他们付稿费。”他就要求外文出版社付给我们稿费，外文社给了我4万多块钱，这是我们获得工资外稿费收入的惟一一次。

　　效仿“企鹅”，推出“熊猫丛书”

　　“文革”结束以后，我发现很多西方书籍突然在80年代的年轻人中间流行了起来，就好像我30年代在天津当学生时的情形一样，大家又开始讨论弗洛伊德、普鲁斯特、艾略特，讨论意识流、虚无主义。

　　1977年我和戴乃迭重新回到《中国文学》工作的时候，大部分的文章、小说和诗歌都是垃圾，没有任何价值。

　　直到1979年，它才开始像一本正常的杂志。

　　出版“熊猫丛书”是我的提议，当时英国“企鹅丛书”

　　销量很好，大家纷纷仿效出版以“P”字开头的丛书，我想，“熊猫（panda）”也是以P字开头，就取了这么一个名字，结果出了不到一百本，有“五四”后直到20世纪七八十年代的作品，比如沈从文的《边城》、古华的《芙蓉镇》，也有古典文学作品，比如蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》、刘鹗的《老残游记》———巧合的是，我“文革”中坐牢时和刘鹗的孙子在一个监狱。

　　如今不仅“熊猫丛书”消失了，《中国文学》也停刊了。

　　因为我们走之后，后来进来的人都是大学刚毕业的，英文水平不怎么好。

　　我从来没有想过要作一个翻译家，现在也不想。如果可以选择的话，我从大学毕业后回到中国来，会选择研究中国古代史。但是无意中到了编译馆，就变成翻译家了……就变成翻译了。我翻译的那些东西很多都是别人要我译的，我自己选择译的也有一些，比如周作人、周树人的作品，比如《老残游记》、《儒林外史》，那些才是我真正喜欢的。

　　口述：杨宪益

　　采写：本报记者刘晋锋

　　■记者手记

　　他拿起烟，一支支地点燃，缓缓地吸入，摁灭在烟缸里，每天一到两包。烟陪他看电视，恍惚着阳光从暗到明再暗下去，日复一日。“怕什么呢？都这么老了。”他温情一笑。

　　他饮酒，一辈子饮酒无度。如今，酒不饮了，因为吞进去的酒精化作毒素，钝拙了腿，再不能失去旁人的扶持。

　　他是那种人，望之俨然，处之温和。他一定不厌恶这个世界，尽管从不出门，但衣衫都干干净净的。听到趣言，看到我们追着猫儿，他亦会莞尔。别人对他的一千多万字的译作高山仰止，他说没什么值得流传下去的，书全都送了人几乎一本不剩；我告诉他有人窃用他的名字出书，他一笑了之。不怕坏了你的名声吗？他抿进一口烟：“无所谓。”

来源：新京报

胶大 · 发表于 2007-6-7 09:44:34

古典文学翻译范例之一：

      红楼梦两种英译本之比较

v Comparison between Two English Versions of Hongloumeng

vThe Dream of Red Mansions
v (杨宪益译：Yang）

vThe Story of the Stone；
v（Hawkes译)

v【原文】
v《红楼梦》（节选）
v第三回

v金陵城起复贾雨村
v荣国府收养林黛玉

v 杨译：CHAPTER 3
v Lin Ju-hai Recommends a Tutor to His
v Brother-in-law
v The Lady Dowager Sends for Her Motherless
v Grand-Daughter
v    霍克斯译：CHAPTER 3
v  Lin Ru-hai recommends a private tutor
v  to his brother-in-law
v  And Old Lady Jia extends a compassionate welcome
v  to the motherless child

v那女学生黛玉,身体方愈,原不忍弃父而往,无奈他外祖母致意务在必去,且兼如海说: "汝父年将半百,再无续室之意,且汝多病,年又极小,上无亲母教养,下无姊妹兄弟扶持,今依傍外祖母及舅氏姊妹去,正好减我顾盼之忧,何反云不往?"

v Yang: His pupil Tai-ju, who had just got over illness, could hardly bear to leave her father, but she had to comply with the wishes of her grandmother.

v “I am nearly fifty and don’t intend to marry again,” Ju-hai told her. “You are young and delicate, with no mother to take care of you, no sisters or brothers to look after you. If you go to stay with your grandmother and uncles’ girls, that will take a great load off my mind. How can you refuse?”

v    Hawkes: At first his little pupil could not be persuaded to part from her father; but her grandmother was insistent that she should go, and Ru-hai added his own reasons.

v    “I’m half a century old now, my dear, and I have no intention of taking a second wife; so there will be no one here to act as a mother to you. It isn’t either, as if you had sisters who could help to take care of you. You know how often you are poorly. And you are still very young. It would be a great weight off my mind to know that you had your Grandmother and your uncles’ girls to fall back on. I really think you ought to go.”

v黛玉听了,方洒泪拜别,随了奶娘及荣府几个老妇人，登舟而去。雨村另有一只船,带两个小童,依附黛玉而行。

v Yang :So parting from him in a flood of tears, she embarked with her nurse and some elderly maid-servants from the Jung Mansion, followed by Yu-tsun and two pages in another junk.

v Hawkes: After this Dai-yu could only take a tearful leave of her father and go down to the boat with her nurse and the old women from the Rong mansion who had been sent to fetch her. There was a separate boat for Yu-cun and a couple of servant-boys to wait on him, and he too now embarked  in the capacity of Dai-yu’s escort.

v有日到了都中, 进入神京,雨村先整了衣冠,带了小童,拿着宗侄的名帖,至荣府的门前投了。彼时贾政已看了妹丈之书,即忙请入相会。

v In due course they reached the capital and entered the city. Yu-tsun spruced himself up and went with his pages to the gate of the Jung Mansion , where he handed in his visiting-card on which he had styled himself Chia Cheng’s “nephew”.

v Chia Cheng, who had received his brother-in-law’s letter, lost no time in asking him in.

v In due course they arrived in the capital, and Yu-cun, dressed in his best and with the two servant-boys at his heels, betook himself to the gate of Rong mansion and handed in his visiting-card, on which he had been careful to prefix the word “kinsman” to his own name. By this time Jia Zheng had already seen his brother-in-law’s letter, and accorded him an interview without delay.

v见雨村相貌魁伟,言语不俗,且这贾政最喜读书人, 礼贤下士,济弱扶危,大有祖风；况又系妹丈致意,因此优待雨村,更又不同,便竭力内中协助,

v Yu-tsun cut an impressive figure and was by no means vulgar in his conversation. Since Chia Cheng was well-disposed to scholars and, like his grandfather before him, delighted in honoring worthy men of letters and helping those in distress, and since moreover his brother-in-law had recommended Yu-tsun, he treated him uncommonly well and did all his power to help him.

v Yu-cun’s imposing looks and cultivated speech made an excellent impression on Jia Zheng, who was in any case always well-disposed towards scholars, and preserved much of his grandfather’s affability with men of letters and readiness to helpe them in any sort of trouble or distress. And since his own inclinations were in this case reinforced by his brother-in-law’s strong recommendation, the treatment he extended to Yu-cun was exceptionally favourable.

v题奏之日,轻轻谋了一个复职候缺,不上两个月,金陵应天府缺出,便谋补了此缺,拜辞了贾政,择日上任去了。不在话下。

v The same day that he presented a petition to the throne Yu-tsun was rehabilitated and ordered to await an appointment. In less than two months he was sent to Chinling to fill the vacanted post of prefect of Yingtien. Taking leave of Chia Cheng he chose a day to proceed to his new post. But no more of this.

v He exerted himself on his behalf to such good effect that on the very day his petition was presented Yu-cun’s reinstatement was approved, and before two months were out he was appointed to the magistracy of Ying-tian-fu in Nanking. Thither, having chosen a suitable day on which to commence his journey, and having first taken his leave of Jia Zheng, he now repaired to take up his duties.

v But of him, for the time being, no more.

v 且说黛玉自那日弃舟登岸时,便有荣国府打发了轿子并拉行李的车辆久候了。这林黛玉常听得母亲说过, 他外祖母家与别家不同。他近日所见的这几个三等仆妇,吃穿用度,已是不凡了,何况今至其家。

v To return to Tai-yu. When she disembarked, a sedan-chair from the Jung Mansion and carts for her luggage were waiting in readiness. She had heard a great deal from her mother about the magnificence of her grandmother’s home; and during the last few days she had been impressed by the food, costumes and behaviour of the relatively low-ranking attendants escorting her.

v    She had often heard her mother say that her Grandmother Jia’s home was not like other people’s houses. The servants she had been in contact with during the past few days were comparatively low-ranking ones in the domestic hierarchy, yet the food they ate, the clothes they wore, and everything about them was quite out of the ordinary. Dai-yu tried to imagine what the people who had employed these superior beings must be like.

v    On the day of her arrival in the capital, Tai-yu stepped ashore to find covered chairs from the Rong mansion for her and her women and a cart for the luggage ready waiting on the quay.

v因此步步留心,时时在意,不肯轻易多说一句话,多行一步路,惟恐被人耻笑了去。自上了轿,进入城中，从纱窗向外瞧了一瞧,其街市之繁华, 人烟之阜盛,自与别处不同。

v She must watch her step in her new home, she decided, be on guard every moment and weigh every word, so as not to be laughed at for any foolish blunder. As she was carried into the city she peeped out through the gauze window of the chair at the bustle in the streets and the crowds of people, the like of which she had never seen before.

v    When she arrived at their house she would have to watch every step she took and weigh every word she said, for if she put a foot wrong they would surely laugh her to scorn.

v    Dai-yu got into her chair and was soon carried through the city walls. Peeping through the gauze panel which served as a window, she could see streets and buildings more rich and elegant and throngs of people more lively and numerous than she had ever seen in her life before.

v又行了半日,忽见街北蹲着两个大石狮子,三间兽头大门,门前列坐着十来个华冠丽服之人。正门却不开,只有东西两角门有人出入。正门之上有一匾,匾上大书"敕造宁国府"五个大字。

v After what seemed a long time they came to a street with two huge stone lions crouching on the north side, flanking a great triple gate with beast-head knockers, in front of which ten or more men in smart livery were sitting. The central gate was shut, but people were passing in and out of the smaller side gates. On a board above the main gate was written in large characters: Ningkuo Mansion Built at Imperial Command.

v    After being carried for what seemed to be a very great length of time, she saw, on the north front of the east-west street through which they were passing, two great stone lions crouched on each side of a triple gateway whose doors were embellished with animal-heads. In front of the gateway ten or so splendidly dressed flunkeys sat in arrow. The center of the three gates was closed, but people were going in and out of the two side ones. There was a board above the center gate on which were written in large characters the words:

v    NING-GUO HOUSE
v    Founded and Constructed by
v    Imperial Command

v黛玉想道:这必是外祖之长房了。想着,又往西行,不多远,照样也是三间大门,方是荣国府了。却不进正门,只进了西边角门。那轿夫抬进去,走了一射之地,将转弯时,便歇下退出去了。

v Tai-yu realized that this must be where the elder branch of her Grandmother’s family lived.

v A little further to the west they came to another imposing triple gate. This was the Jung Mansion. Instead of going through the main gate, they entered by the smaller one on the west. The bearers carried the chair a bow-shot further, then set it down at a turning and withdrew.

v    Ignoring the central gate, her bearers went in by the eastern entrance and after traversing the distance of a bowshot inside, half turned a corner and set the chair down. The chairs of her female attendants which were following behind were set down simultaneously and the old women got out. The places of Dai-yu’s bearers were taken by four handsome, fresh-faced pages of seventeen or eighteen. They shouldered her chair and, with the old women now following on foot, carried it as far as an ornamental inner gate. There they set it down again and then retired in respectful silence.

v后面的婆子们已都下了轿,赶上前来。另换了三四个衣帽周全十七八岁的小厮上来,复抬起轿子。众婆子步下围随至一垂花门前落下。众小厮退出,众婆子上来打起轿帘,扶黛玉下轿。

v The maid-servants behind Tai-yu had now alighted and were proceeding on foot. Three or four smartly dressed lads of seventeen or eighteen picked up the chair and, followed by the maids, carried it to a gate decorated with overhanging flowery patterns carved in wood. There the bearers withdrew, the maids raised the curtain of the chair, helped Tai-yu out and supported her through the gate.

v The places of Dai-yu’s bearers were taken by four handsome, fresh-faced pages of seventeen or eighteen. They shouldered her chair and, with the old women now following on foot, carried it as far as an ornamental inner gate. There they set it down again and then retired in respectful silence. The old women came forward to the front of the chair, held up the curtain, and helped Dai-yu to get out.

v 林黛玉扶着婆子的手,进了垂花门,两边是抄手游廊,当中是穿堂,当地放着一个紫檀架子大理石的大插屏。转过插屏,小小的三间厅,厅后就是后面的正房大院。正面五间上房,皆雕梁画栋, 两边穿山游廊厢房,挂着各色鹦鹉、画眉等鸟雀。

v Inside, verandahs on both sides led to a three-roomed entrance hall in the middle of which stood a screen of marble in a red sandalwood frame. The hall gave access to the large court of the main building. In front were five rooms with carved beams and painted pillars, and on either side were rooms with covered passageways. Cages of brilliantly coloured parrots, thrushes and other birds hung under the eaves of the verandahs.
v
  Each hand resting on the outstretched hand of an elderly attendant, Dai-yu passed through the ornamental gate into a courtyard which balustraded loggias running along its sides and a covered passage-way through the center. The foreground of the courtyard beyond was partially hidden by a screen of polished marble set in an elaborate red sandalwood frame. Passing round the screen and through a small reception hall beyond it, they entered the large courtyard of the mansion’s principal apartments. These were housed in an imposing five-frame building resplendent with carved and painted beams and rafters which faced them across the courtyard. Running along either side of the courtyard were galleries hung with cages containing a variety of different-coloured parrots, cockatoos, white-eyes, and other birds.

v台矶之上,坐着几个穿红着绿的丫头,一见他们来了,便忙都笑迎上来,说:"刚才老太太还念呢,可巧就来了。"于是三四人争着打起帘笼,一面听得人回话:"林姑娘到了。"

v Several maids dressed in red and green rose from the terrace and hurried to greet them with smiles.
v “The old lady was just talking about you,” they cried. “And here you are.”
v Three or four of them ran to raise the door-curtain, and a voice could be heard announcing, “Miss Lin is here.”
v Some gaily-dressed maids were sitting on the steps of the main building opposite. At the appearance of the visitors they rose to their feet and came forward with smiling faces to welcome them.
v “You’ve come just at the right time! Lady Jia was only this moment asking about you.”
v Three or four of them ran to life up the door-curtain, while another of them announced in loud tones,
v “Miss Lin is here!”

v 黛玉方进入房时,只见两个人搀着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来,黛玉便知是他外祖母。方欲拜见时,早被他外祖母一把搂入怀中,“心肝儿肉”叫着大哭起来。

v As Tai-yu entered, a silver-haired old lady supported by two maids advanced to meet her. She knew that this must be her grandmother, but before she could kowtow the old lady threw both arms around her.
v “Dear heart! Flesh of my child!” she cried, and burst out sobbing.

v As Dai-yu entered the room she saw a silver-haired old lady advancing to meet her, supported on either side by a servant. She knew that this must be her Grandmother Jia and would have fallen on her knees and made her kotow, but before she could do so her grandmother had caught her in her arms and pressing her to her bosom with cries of “My pet!” and “My poor lamb!” burst into loud sobs,

v 当下地下侍立之人,无不掩面涕泣,黛玉也哭个不住。一时众人慢慢解劝住了,黛玉方拜见了外祖母。此即冷子兴所云之史氏太君,贾赦贾政之母也。当下贾母一一指与黛玉:"这是你大舅母, 这是你二舅母,这是你先珠大哥的媳妇珠大嫂子。"黛玉一一拜见过。……

v All the attendants covered their faces and wept, and Tai-yu herself could not keep back her tears. When at last the others prevailed on her to stop, Tai-yu made her kowtow to her grandmother. This was the Lady Dowager From the Shih family mentioned by Leng Tzuhsing, the mother of Chia Sheh and Chia Cheng, who now introduced the family one by one.

v “This,” she said, “is your elder uncle’s wife. This is your second uncle’s wife. This is the wife of your late Cousin Chu.”

v Tai-yu greeted each in turn.

v    while all those present wept in sympathy, and Dai-yu felt herself crying as though she would never stop. It was some time before those present succeeded in calming them both down and Dai-yu was at last able to make her kotow.

v    Grandmother Jia now introduced those present.

v    “This is your elder uncle’s wife, Aunt Xing. This is you uncle Zheng’s wife, Aunt Wang. Thia is Li Wan, the wife of your cousin Zhu, who died.”

v    Dai-yu kotowed to each of them in turn.

众人见黛玉年貌虽小,其举止言谈不

俗,身体面庞虽怯弱不胜,却有一段自

然风流态度,……

v  …
v  All present had been struck by Tai-yu’s good breeding. For in spite of her tender years and evident delicate health, she had an air of natural distinction. …
v …
v Everyone’s attention now centred on Dai-yu. They observed that although she was still young, her speech and manner already showed unusual refinement. They also noticed the frail body which seemed scarcely strong enough to bear the weight of its clothes, but which yet had an inexpressible grace about it, …

胶大 · 发表于 2007-6-7 09:48:25

林妹妹说英语：《红楼梦》精彩译文

《红楼梦》是中国的旷世巨著，大陆、香港、台湾都曾改编拍成电影，家喻户晓。五六十年代多位中外学者就曾经把《红楼梦》英译，介绍到西方国家去，但由于种种问题，都只是节译而已。直至70年代有一位牛津大学的讲座教授霍克思(David Hawks)，竟然不惜辞去职务，专心埋首于全部《红楼梦》的英译。他的译笔功力深邃，英文写得非常流畅。请先欣赏霍克斯在《红楼梦》英译本自序中的最后一段感人的话：

"My one abiding principle has been to translate everything-even puns. For although this is ,in the sense I have already indicated, an 'unfinished' novel, it was written (and written) by a great artist with his very life blood. I have therefore assumed that whatever I find in it is there for a purpose and must be dealt with somehow or other, I cannot pretend always to have done so successfully, but if I can convey to the reader even a fraction of the pleasure this Chinese novel given me , I shall not have lived in vain."

霍克思译红楼梦，是希望大学翻译系的同学能观摩汉英翻译的极品，同时更为望各位忠实读者能欣赏地道中文与地道英语的讲写之法，从而提高研习中英文的兴趣。请大家欣赏曹雪芹的生花妙笔，然后研习霍克斯的精彩妙译：

“从头看去，越看越爱，不顿饭时，已看了好几出了。但觉词句警入，余香满口。一面看了，只管出神，心内还默默记诵。”

"The more she read, the more she liked it, and before very long she had read several acts, She felt the power of the words and their lingering fragrance. Long after she had finished reading. When she had laid down the book and was sitting there rapt and silent, the lines continued to ring on in her head."

原文通畅易晓，雅丽芊绵，是地地道道的好文字；译文亦步亦趋，简洁流畅，从平凡中见功力，更觉难能可贵。希望大家把原文译文反复熟诵，探究中英文的地道写法。下面请看《红楼梦》的对白英译，希望能协助大家提高英语会话的能力。

“凤姐听了，眼圈儿红了一会子，方说道：'天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福，这点年纪，倘或因这病上有个长短，人生在世，还有什么趣儿呢！”
教授David Hawks 运用灵心妙手，妥贴译成合乎惯用法的地道英文：

"Xi feng's eyes became moist and for a moment she was too overcome to speak. ' I know "the weather and human life are both unpredictable,"' she said at last,'but she's only a child still. If anything should happen to her as a result of this illness, I think all the fun would go out of life!'"

再来欣赏霍克思翻译的贾宝玉与袭人的一段对话：

“宝玉听了这话，见她脸上气色非往日可比，便笑道：‘怎么又动了气呢？’袭人冷笑道：‘我那里敢动气呢？只是你从今别进这屋子了。横竖有人服待你，再不必支使我，我仍旧服侍老太太去。’”

"The expression on her face as she uttered these words was angrier than he had ever seen her look before. “He laughed. "'Oh dear! Are you in a rage again?" "Aroma laughed mirthlessly. "'It's not for the likes of me to get into rages, But I wish that from now on you would stop coming into this room, After all, you have got people to wait on you elsewhere . You don't really need my services. I shall back to serving Her Old Ladyship, like I used before.'

fxhero · 发表于 2007-6-7 11:01:59

学生时看过几遍,工作后又看了二遍,前80回,与后40回,没有任何让你感到是两人写的,可见两作者的心灵相通!

tom1216 · 发表于 2007-6-7 16:34:07

没看过！

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