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Natural rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer that naturally occurs as a milky colloidal suspension, or latex, in the sap of some plants. It is used extensively in many applications and products. It can also be synthesized. The entropy model of rubber was developed in 1934 by Werner Kuhn. The scientific name for the rubber tree commercially used to obtain natural rubber is Hevea brasiliensis.: G; O) X) Y# w/ H$ x+ j
* |6 J/ D+ A, T, \, E2 {
Underneath a list of articles from "Natuurrubber/Natural Rubber", the newsletter of the R-S Information Center for Natural Rubber, is given. The Rubber-Stichting founded the Information Center in 1995. Before, from 1956 on, the activities of the R-S were restricted to the sponsorship of projects that were carried out by third parties. During the period 1936-1956 the R-S itself was active in NR research and promotion and produced a wide range of publications. A list of these earlier publications can be found elsewhere on this website.
2 S' H8 `6 X, y) B+ Z) g8 f4 D6 T* P6 l$ J
The Rubber-Stichting, however, cannot accept any liability with respect to the contents of these publications.9 s1 ]8 h D$ S1 k, Z8 L
Rubber Balls of the Aztecs
9 F: R6 I/ r- ~3 m' kThe Rubber Foundations' Sixty Years of Research and Promotion of Natural Rubber
3 n- }, a( \) ^8 n% |$ a$ [60th Anniversary of the Rubber-Stichting (NR6)/ T. c) |8 R7 k
Series "From the history of rubber":
' H& P' a9 m3 O# @; ?* l The earliest history (NR20)$ U6 E# i* ~5 L1 \# u" D
The rise of the rubber industry (NR21)
- k6 w# U4 v! a2 Y The introduction of Hevea Brasiliensis in the Far East (NR24)3 [9 n+ Z# _8 t' @6 n
The Growing Rubber Culture (NR25)
0 l6 _8 L' F5 }1 F9 s3 `* [' R5 o The rise of the industry (NR26)
# Z0 L$ N# w: P0 m) C/ ] Competition, fall and recovery (NR27) W0 z$ a- ?. k {- `) [: J4 S
The efficient use of environmentally-friendly NR latex (NRL) in road construction - past, present and the future (NR37)
8 g" s1 S' N' q* f0 b
* B* G' c( b0 _7 w# u: IThe Future Development of Natural Rubber Production and Quality in Indonesia
# R; @- H* f d/ m$ zQuality and Processing Aspects of Natural Rubber4 I( Q5 A& Y: `) p: b# S- C: b
Indonesian Natural Rubber (NR3)
3 O0 ~0 a" l- t1 _, w; i. ]0 I9 `2 b0 I: @Deproteinised Natural Rubber (NR27)
5 Z1 Y! w4 q4 j* z7 O# \A general review of recent developments on chemical modification of NR (NR28)
& ^/ x! G$ s1 R# @Novel Ionic Thermoplastic Elastomer based on NR (NR28)
/ D, }; @9 m8 A+ Z4 uStructural characterization of Natural Poyisoprenes; solve the mystery of Natural Rubber (NR33)0 p7 q" c, i6 \* |3 D* k( m" b
Storage of raw NR and compounds based on NR (NR36)# S& q; }& v) ^5 {
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Production, Processing and Properties
* j: J' U+ R) dIndustrial rubber roll coverings
' o5 v. |. V( |& z5 }. tProcessing Aids
a/ A+ n8 B6 X8 W( |7 @Recycling strategie voor banden (NR2)
6 I) \0 \1 r0 Y6 KLatex technology part 1A, a review (NR29)
+ ?/ n0 ]1 e7 S+ d9 V/ T# K) e$ _$ tLatex technology part 1B, a review (NR30), X9 G& N' n4 S" O
Latex technology part 2, tube extrusion (NR31), o$ x6 ]' m# P1 Z0 S, Z P
Rubber Technology part 1, dry NR technology (NR35)
! v3 ?& z* r: V- l' [/ cRubber Technology part 4, Processing (NR39)
" m1 n; K) @+ @6 F* H. {Rubber Technology part 5, Vulcanisation (NR40)
/ E& M- c6 o6 G( ^) G3 E
& u! E* b- K7 VCompounding rules ad tools for engineering4 l6 P( H- Q. I2 [
Latest Developments in NR-additives Technology
7 l1 P+ V ~; f8 C' f9 bDevelopments in Stabilisers for Natural Rubber Latex Compounds
' B/ Q. A1 J) [4 t% NAccelerators and Reversion Modifiers for Natural Rubber
7 f5 x% g) T6 b( w) o" L& SEffective Protection of Natural Rubber
5 c% m- O# J3 c6 A+ Y( |Organosilanes and Silicas in Natural Rubber
9 \# B$ Q5 `3 M% o$ P4 u- F& A. {Processing Aids
4 K9 f! g5 @' ^Resins in Natural Rubber
& K4 I: e' X/ [) d( CWitte roeten (NR4)
3 d6 y4 o0 F% }' j/ x/ U2 n$ Y, cWitte roeten: stand der techniek in de rubberindustrie anno 1996 (NR4)% S9 \+ E% a- J: y! G0 m
Coupling agents in silica-filled tyre rubbers (NR29)
- _' j. h; a" `6 zRubber Technology part 3, Compounding (NR38)9 u: ~' F4 x Y/ _) s: D4 T
Mould fouling of tyres (NR42)
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Production, Processing and Properties
( d9 d! k4 f7 d8 e7 }- kEngineering with natural rubber
0 O; \% ^9 J5 m; vLiterature on rubber in engineering. x( g; u4 w+ q, i8 I
Engineering Aspects of Natural Rubber - Part I. Properties and Applications*
: X/ S4 Z5 [1 Q, G$ ^4 f: \% WEngineering Aspects of Natural Rubber - Part II. Finite Element and Fatigue Life Analysis*
9 b4 H6 f6 g1 b7 g ~ r3 w1 TCondooms (NR2)
1 D9 q3 ~2 s' L+ \Quality and Processing Aspects of Natural Rubber (NR5)
7 d2 ~- J. Y; }1 k: F% [# S& AMarc Computer Programs for Rubber in Engineering Applications (NR13)) B( P# _4 S! p4 `8 n1 x0 j
Rubber Analysis with Diana (NR13)
0 n4 j- F6 Z7 g, \" S0 P8 rA Time-dependent Constitutive Model for Rubbers (NR13)
6 k0 i4 ?* g9 D" x& f% x: WDevelopments in Testing (NR23)
9 z& `- d8 }4 W% g3 qThe Rubber Process Analyzer 2000 (NR23); D) G! v2 @6 \" ^* G
Developments in Low Temperature Testing of Rubber Materials (NR23)
+ @$ h% u6 W7 }! K7 r0 A, |Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (NR23)) d6 {4 l" ^9 x( [4 J7 H9 B
The Automated Analysis of NR using the ATAS Focus Sample Preparation Robot and Direct TD-GC/MS (NR23)% O1 d9 }: N5 _5 n
Prediction of Life Time of (Natural) Rubber Products (NR23)
1 J* ]2 m, Y- C7 h# L2 U8 AShearography (NR23)
/ P. s$ g* r. d: M, I2 B% ^Properties of highly grafted Polystyrene-modified NR (NR28)2 x" M2 r4 F, M4 @$ j
Accelerated and long-term ageing of NR vulcanizates (NR36)0 S: W) i( Q& a& |
Effect of long-term immersion of seawater on NR - A review(NR36)! i5 `5 X( A0 m- Q! I$ L8 Y0 g
Effect of air and seawater oxidation on the mechanical failure of NR (NR36)
/ ~, M7 I' |1 e6 R( K1 ?Thermal ageing on the quasi-static properties of NR (NR36)5 h. s0 {* K& k: u
Storage of raw NR and compounds based on NR (NR36)
' t+ a4 N4 r* LRubber Technology part 2, Testing and Certification of the raw rubber (NR37)
& _: y, w4 J& d6 u x) c' e! `2 i' a2 X8 a. g# v8 j0 P G
Ecological Advantages of NR Latex Production
: E* t- q" a% j3 p0 OLatex Protein Allergy: Some Questions
y+ m+ c ~/ h$ s! l% [Environmental Issues and Challenges in the European Latex Industry. {# V* F) c* B' f9 t+ g, R# W
Natural Rubber for Medical Devices4 b1 `/ X: y7 M7 m
SPECIAL REPORT Latex Protein Allergy, Evaluation of the Modified Lowry Method# R$ [ u1 Q' l; U6 }% H* a6 p5 ?
Study on Latex Protein Allergy
, y" F8 A- Z8 ?Rubber and Allergy. a7 V: Q3 v4 D- e, _' T
Natuurrubber, een groene grondstof (NR2)
a8 n: m P5 Q- kLatex allergie (NR2)
1 ?& i5 W3 S4 b5 |) eNitrosaminen (NR2)
9 ?" ]2 S- N4 B b* j2 s+ P3 bNitrosamines (transl. NR2)) k( ?5 N+ H" P9 {5 s; r) J7 @' s
Medical Rubber Products and Allergy (NR6), o I3 b6 ?; D, p0 m2 ?0 E! N
Global warming and NR production (NR28)# f* Y. l0 e1 n& h% v" x
Cleaning with Natural Rubber Latex – an unexpected application (NR30)
- ? z- Z3 |5 g; Z% ^3 L" sNitrosamines in condoms, a risk? (NR34)
& K3 o: v6 J: D1 Y7 n/ F: p1 aLatex allergy and mattrasses (NR35). C: v- d7 u) z$ T3 i' J
Eliminating nitrosamines in natural rubber latex products (NR41)& e- k% v; d0 [
Latex 2006 conference a great success (NR41)6 L8 I Y5 I2 i
Nitrosamines (continuation) (NR42)
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Natural Rubber in the New Millennium
" v! l$ ^9 _' F! Z: u5 ]Termination of the International Natural Rubber Agreement
/ G& N/ U( W+ E) X) [Prospects for natural rubber after the crisis in Asia
Y1 x. o9 k* P0 n9 h' z2 TDipped goods: changes in use and regulations)- g% U5 F7 ?) {" @+ v- z
Nitrosamines (transl. NR2)% x* g9 A# l7 ]
De prijs van natuurrubber: blijvend hoog! (NR2)& K- H" n: d9 x
Internationale samenwerking natuurrubber (NR4)0 ^$ y4 n0 d; }; t* c6 C. {
Annual Reports of the Rubber-Stichting Information:
2 w) y2 w8 E* c. N& Y& X6 ~8 C6 H% z 1996-1997 (NR10), R6 a+ J& }% u5 H2 A. M
1998 (NR14)
" I i. P/ ^+ Z2 ^ 1999 (NR18)
6 }- _/ M' e5 A p; s 2000 (NR22)( V6 u5 @# g3 [0 s' J
Company visits (NR22)1 m- C; y" J8 a: f1 K" u9 S
L.Wurfbain & Co. B.V. (NR21)
6 i' ]; T) U3 V, J# x; i7 ?Enkev (NR24)& y& _8 O. J% }8 ?* `4 r
Rubber Resources (NR25)
. g/ j; o ~3 URubber Industry Soest (NR26)
& L/ \5 v6 F/ R4 WNatural Rubber, polymer industry's ultimate resort? (NR28)
' Z! ]6 \$ }* _% W$ Y, \Exciting times ahead for NR (NR28): t2 ~: t9 v4 z# E
Substitution between natural and synthetic: which way? About availability and strategies (NR28)
7 f5 e3 N! }0 N0 ^7 h6 C! ZWho or what to believe on the price of Natural Rubber in 2005? (NR38)
+ N; m6 A& E7 F7 XImpossible to predict as speculators rule (NR39)
7 H$ D' q0 M7 EThe changing outlook for Natural Rubber (NR40)
* F: o8 k/ g: P$ T. S& X5 r4 cOutlook for Natural Rubber (NR41)
- q0 _& ?! s- a8 t5 PNatural rubber prices during 2006 and the current outlook (NR41); [- P$ W, r( k' W* v i- F
" m _2 t% h! z* `Rubber in the building industry
1 E# H& m# S5 C- a2 m) hNatural Rubber Bearings for Seismic Protection (NR13)( B3 E$ I/ `' h
Bearings for the Maeslantkering (NR13)
7 L1 n/ J8 U8 f' ARubber in the Building Industry (NR13); t( M' b/ o3 Q5 \
Natural Rubber Mooring Buoys (NR32)$ T' t. j0 z/ i& i
Natural Rubber in Engineering High-speed Tyres (NR32)
! ]6 U$ X$ V3 fNatural Rubber for Fashion (NR32)
/ }; M2 W" e1 H T- @$ S1 @% p5 RProtecting Buildings from Earth Quake Damage with NR (NR32)
) F' \/ k ^" l& X5 F |6 z% PBungee Jump Cord with Natural Rubber (NR32)
) D3 I) s2 X, g$ D! I/ PLatex allergy and mattrasses (NR35)
* N. i; f% N4 X; o3 Z; T
F) h8 b4 [: f$ A( J. \$ W/ _Is it possible to produce balloons that do not deflate quickly? (NR21)
" H1 F' }2 ]( h l# Y9 c& ?7 sHow long can Natural Rubber function in an application? (NR22)6 X; I( }" d0 I
What about certification and (natural) rubber products? (NR23)5 t5 j+ k" g ], h ~0 B6 ?
Can natural rubber be a substitute for synthetic rubber? (NR24)
9 E& F! t/ N: TIs Natural Rubber Recyclable? (NR25)! G. r! R2 x6 Y) Y( n6 b
Is it possible to re-use old bridge bearings? (NR27)% {2 ]' z+ U5 g
Why should O-rings on a rotating shaft be mounted without tensile stress? (NR29)
u+ W; |+ b! C& a2 fHow green is Natural Rubber? (NR30)
+ Q; P" y: _" `5 {7 EWhy is natural rubber used in so many applications? (NR31)
) W5 |; y% @! E" s+ _1 @& S3 JI know that in the past many products were made of ebonite. What is ebonite and is it still being used these days? (NR33)! F& B h# t& T& z# m7 p( \2 m, m4 E
I've heard that crystallization of Natural Rubber can have positive as well as negative effects. How is that? (NR346 T9 B/ p6 ]# j* B
What can we expect from nano-technology in relation to Natural Rubber? (NR35). o, S. u7 |1 W: x6 |+ g
Do condoms age rapidly? (NR36)
$ y ]+ ~% B- L; s w# C0 k0 B8 tRubber in asphalt, a new development? (NR37)0 K* M4 O- _, g" _+ ?7 f
How important is flame retardancy for Natural Rubber products? (NR38)
! d9 u" A; `" p0 g0 vWhat is liquid Natural Rubber? (NR39) What does ‘mechanical stability of latex’ mean? (NR41)
' r+ d, H* B+ h; L# ]- i8 S! K7 T' [
Latex Technology part 1A, a review (NR29)9 R2 O% F9 L) i1 }
Latex Technology part 1B, a review (NR30)
3 b! Y1 _0 [! _2 i. X+ @Latex Technology part 2, processing (NR31)
9 O% S6 ^2 b+ I) N7 D6 `8 Q! R2 |Rubber Technology part 1, Dry NR technology (NR35)
5 \, z9 J/ y) X$ |+ g) cRubber Technology part 2, Testing and certification of the raw rubber (NR37)
4 v- q# X' |" n1 e( K# _6 M! h6 mRubber Technology part 3, Compounding (NR38)9 c# x: T" H3 v: |# f: j, N3 y
Rubber Technology part 4, Processing (NR39)# |- P5 u1 E- G! t$ i4 D: d
Rubber Technology part 5, Vulcanisation (NR40) x" O. a3 Y) Q3 r. Y( z
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