Rubber Seals Material Technology Handbook

Mackintosh

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! ~7 V  i3 K6 D: t3 m0 r4 L9 K笔者根据多年的橡胶密封件工作经验，自己整理一份内部教材《Rubber Seals Material Technology Handbook》，希望通过这个平台跟大家分享，同时请大家不吝赐教。因排版问题，将分期给出。
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好贴。奖励5个胶币。

Mackintosh

RSMTH-Unit 1 Material Selecting
（RSMTH: Rubber Seals Material Technology Handbook)
9 Y7 U, x: s. l1.1 Rubber Elastomer Profiles
* q; [" @" y! [1.1.1 The following profiles are just for our most commonly used rubber elastomers. These elastomers also commonly used Seals materials such as O-ring, back-up ring, disc, washer, different section rings, molding seal parts and so on. The following profiles only are intended to serve as general guidelines. All the properties of each material are only for their inherent strengths and weaknesses. We must notice that all properties may be enhanced or diminished through compounding. You should select the best material refer to your application condition and installing way after comparison and compromise. And you should test final formulation and final actual seals parts prior to field use.
1.1.2 The most common types of  rubber elastomers and their abbreviations and trade names
See the attached file.

Mackintosh

1.1.3 Each Elastomers Profiles
/ A1 h5 a  B8 Z: A. f, G1.1.3 各种橡胶的简介
) k9 m* {1 ~  V% z8 D1.1.3.1 Nitrile (Buna N)
1.1.3.1 丁腈橡胶
, l0 X4 d( Y: q$ }* NNitrile rubber (NBR) is the general term of acrylonitrile- butadiene terpolymer. It is also called Buna-N. Nitrile rubber is a very commonly used material for seals because of its good physical properties, good resistance to lubricants and greases and fuels and its relatively low cost. Nitrile rubber physical and chemical resistance properties are determined by the acrylonitrile(ACN). There are many different nitrile rubber grades of different acrylonirile (ACN) content and different viscosity of the raw polymer. The general acrylonitrile (ACN) content of nitrile rubber is from 18% to 50%. A standard, general-purpose nitrile compound usually contains 33%-34% ACN. Low ACN content nitrile rubber ensures good flexibility at low temperatures, but offers limited resistance to oils and fuels. High ACN content nitrile rubber exhibit less swell in fuels and lubricants. Due to polar segment, as the ACN content increase, the low tempreature flexibility reduces, and the compression set resistance reduces, but the tensile strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, heat resistance and gas impermeability are also improved as well as fuel and oil and non-polar fluid resistance.
As the butadiene segment contains the unsaturated double bond, nitrile rubber can use sulfur or peroxide or others as crosslinking. Peroxide cured nitrile rubber imparts good heat resistance (about 275℉) and good compression set than sulfur cured, but the price is higher and the process is more difficult.  Also just for this unsaturated double bond, nitrile rubber impart general or poor heat, oxidation , ozone, sunlight, weathering resistance. So nitrile rubber parts should not be stored near these surroundings.
Despite these, nitrile rubber is stabile in general temperature range : -40℉ to +225℉. Within this temperature range, after compounded nitrile rubber imparts good tensile strength, tear resistance, compression set as well as oil and fuel resistance.
The nitrile type/class in ASTM D2000 or SAE J200 are BF,BG,BK and CH.
8 F3 y$ r* _$ GNitrile rubber is recommended to use in petroleum oils, fuel, silicone oils, silicone greases, ethylene glycol,water(below 212℉) and some non-polar chemical fluid or solvents. And it is not recommended to use in highly polar solvents (Acetone, MEK, benzene, toluene,xylene, etc.), aromatic brake fluid, strong acids and direct exposure to zone and sunlight.
丁腈橡胶的英文俗称为“Nitrile”，它是丁二烯与丙稀腈的聚合物，行业上也称“Buna N”。丁腈橡胶具有优越的物理机械性能，高度的耐润滑油、油脂、燃料油和相对较低的成本，被广泛用于工业密封制品材料。丁腈橡胶的物理、化学性能决定于其丙烯腈的含量，市场上，有许多不同类型，等级的丁腈橡胶基于不同的丙烯腈含量和不同的粘度，较为普通的丙烯腈含量范围为18%至50%。一般情况下，一个标准的NBR配方中ACN含量为33%~34%。低ACN 含量的NBR赋予优越的抗低温屈挠性能，但相对的耐燃料油，油脂性能受到限制。相反，高ACN含量的NBR赋予优越的耐油性，随着极性基因ACN含量的上升，抗低温屈挠性能变差，抗压缩永久变形变差，但硬度变高和拉伸强度、热老化性能、抗空气渗透、耐油、非极性溶液性能变好。
NBR中的丁二烯基因含有不饱和的双键，故NBR可用硫磺加硫，也可用过氧化物或其它进行硫化，过氧化物硫化的NBR橡胶赋予比硫磺硫化更为优越的老化性能（大约275℉）和低的压缩永久变形，但加工较为困难，成本越高。同样，正是因为这不饱和的双键，导致NBR相对较差的老化，耐氧，臭氧，阳光，气候性能，所以NBR产品不能储存在这些环境的周围。
尽管如此，NBR橡胶在-40℉到+225℉温度内相通对稳定，在这温度范围内，通过配合，NBR可提供优越的拉伸强度，撕裂、压缩永久变形性能以及耐油性。
& q2 W8 ]& U7 G5 z  X" V美国材料试验协会ASTM D2000和SAE J 200中有关NBR的规范级别为BF，BG，BK CH。
$ C& z+ \; P( _$ C$ C' P( ZNBR推荐使用于汽油、燃料油、硅油、硅油脂、乙烯基乙二醇，100℃以下水中和一些非极性的化学试剂中，不推荐使用于高极性溶剂（如丙酮、丁酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等）中，芳香烃刹车油，强酸或直接暴露在臭氧和阳光下。
1 t; ~/ \& _8 c  ~: @( C1.1.3.2 Carboxylated Nitrile (XNBR)
! t- p+ E- |3 f& r, c, [1.1.3.2 羧化丁腈橡胶
   Carboxylated Nitrile( XNBR) is a terpolymer of acrylonitrile, butadiene and an organic acid monomer. The pendant carboxyl groups add more crosslinking sites and polar than Nitrile. And this carboxyl site provides tough vulcanizates with usually higher tensile strength , modulus, tear strength and above all improved abrasion resistance than NBR. In addition to their strength properties, carboxylated nitrile rubbers have silimlar resistance to heat, oil, and fuels as regular nitrile rubbers. But water resistance, resilience, compression set and low temperature properties are somewhat diminished.
XNBR is also recommended to use in petroleum oils, fuel, silicone oils, ethylene glycol,water(below 212℉) and some non-polar chemical fluid or solvents as well as NBR. Especial for high abrasion resistance requirements, sometimes for dynamic application. And it is not recommended to use in highly polar solvents (Acetone, MEK, benzene, toluene,xylene, etc.), aromatic brake fluid, strong acids and direct exposure to zone and sunlight.
The XNBR type/class in ASTM D2000 or SAE J200 are BF,BG,BK and CH. XNBR possible temperature range is approximate from -20℉ to +225℉.
! a! }6 n/ d9 q  g, ]/ P) O羧化丁腈橡胶是由含羧基单体和丁二烯、丙稀腈三元共聚制得得。在丁腈橡胶的基础上，羧基增加架桥端并赋予更高的极性。同时，羧基基团增加硫化产品的硬度，比NBR更高的拉伸强度，定伸应力，撕裂强度和优越改善的耐磨性能。除此以外，羧化丁腈橡胶的耐热性，耐润滑油，燃料油性能与通用橡胶无异。但在一些场合下，或多或少的降低了制品的耐水性能，弹性，压缩永久变形性能和低温性能。
与NBR一样，XNBR也被推荐使用于汽油、燃料油、硅油、乙烯基乙二醇，212℉以下水中和一些非极性的化学试剂中，不推荐使用于高极性溶剂（如丙酮、丁酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等）中，芳香烃刹车油，强酸或直接暴露在臭氧和阳光下。
同样，美国材料试验协会ASTM D2000和SAE J 200中有关XNBR的规范级别为BF，BG，BK CH。一般情况下，XNBR可以使用在-20℉ to +225℉的温度内。
1.1.3.3 Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR)
1.1.3.3 氢化丁腈橡胶
Hydrogenated Nitrile also called Saturated Nitrile or Saturated NBR and its abbreviation is HNBR. Hydrogenated Nitrile (HNBR) was developed and commercialized in the mid-1980s and has replaced standard nitrile seals where the temperature had exceeded the performance capabilities of the NBR. HNBR provides good all round performance at a compound cost between NBR and FKM (Viton). Its highly saturated main chain provides good resistance against thermal oxidation up to 300℉ and chemical attack. It has good physical properties, including high tensile strength, abrasion resistance, at high temperatures good dynamic behavior and flex cracking resistance at elevated temperatures. Excellent heat, aging and ozone resistance and outstanding resistance to steam and hot water and refrigerant. In power steering applications, HNBR was found to offer superior high-temperature performance, abrasion resistance, and chemical resistance to NBR. It also offered superior low temperature resistance and toughness versus FKM, and has replaced both of these materials as the benchmark for power steering applications.
: Y) @! K$ [% h' Y% l) XAs the highly saturated main chain, HNBR is recommended to use for some severe conditions when high temperature conditions require high tensile strength while maintaining excellent resistance to motor oil, ATF, sour gas, amine/oil mixtures, oxidized fuels, lubricating oils, hot water , coolant and refrigerant (such as R-134a). HNBR limitations are no inherent flame retardency, poor electrical properties, it is not recommended to use in contacts with aromatic brake fuild and polar solvents s (Acetone, MEK, benzene, toluene,xylene, etc.).
1 d0 b% e0 B+ ~4 xHNBR has some grades brands of different saturation ratio depending on the degree of unsaturation achieved by the hydrogenation process. Due to these, it can be either peroxide cured or sulfur cured, but peroxide is almost always used due to the good heat stability properties of the peroxide crosslinks.
The HNBR type/class in ASTM D2000 or SAE J200 are DH. HNBR possible temperature range is approximate from -40℉ to +300℉.
氢化丁腈橡胶也叫饱和丁腈橡胶，常缩写为：HNBR。在二十世纪八十年代中期，HNBR被开发并商品化，使用于温度超过NBR最大负荷的环境。HNBR的价格介于NBR与FKM之间。主键的高饱和性赋予HNBR优越的热老化性能（高达300℉）和化学药品抵抗性。HNBR具有非常优越的物理性能，包括高的抗拉伸强度，抗撕裂，高温动态使用和逐递上升温度中的抗屈挠防裂性能。同时, HNBR也具有优越热老化和抗臭氧性能，以及显著的耐热水、蒸汽及冷媒性能。在动力方向盘装置中，HNBR提供比一般NBR更为优越的热老化性能，耐磨性和耐化学药品性，同时提供比FKM更为优越的耐低温性能和韧性，故在动力方向盘装置中，HNBR逐渐取代NBR和FKM.
; G$ M5 _( u  p' ^9 k# Z7 Y基于高饱和性，HNBR常被推荐使用于苛刻的环境下，这些环境包括：高温高抗张下要求优越的耐发动油，耐ATF油，酸性汽油， 胺类与油的混合物，氧化燃料油，润滑油，热水，冷冻剂和冷媒（如：R-134a）。 HNBR的局限是它是非耐燃橡胶，电性能差，它不推荐适用于接触芳香烃刹车油和极性溶剂中（如丙酮、丁酮、苯、甲苯、二甲苯等）。
市场上，有许多HNBR生胶的品号，这些品号是基于氢化工程中的不同的饱和度。根据饱和度，有些HNBR可以用过氧化物或硫磺硫化，但行业上一般选择过氧化物硫化，因为过氧化物硫化的制品具有相当高的热稳定性。
美国材料试验协会ASTM D2000和SAE J 200中有关HNBR的规范级别为DH。一般情况下，HNBR可以使用在-40℉ to +300℉的温度内。

jemmy-yang

谢谢，好用

胶大

还有吗？楼主！！

Mackintosh

有，马上跟上。

胶大

Rubber Seals Material Technology Handbook-Part 2
http://www.sto.net.cn/forum/view_7443.html

terryl2009

非常感谢楼主的分享！！！！！！！