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Natural rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer that naturally occurs as a milky colloidal suspension, or latex, in the sap of some plants. It is used extensively in many applications and products. It can also be synthesized. The entropy model of rubber was developed in 1934 by Werner Kuhn. The scientific name for the rubber tree commercially used to obtain natural rubber is Hevea brasiliensis.
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Underneath a list of articles from "Natuurrubber/Natural Rubber", the newsletter of the R-S Information Center for Natural Rubber, is given. The Rubber-Stichting founded the Information Center in 1995. Before, from 1956 on, the activities of the R-S were restricted to the sponsorship of projects that were carried out by third parties. During the period 1936-1956 the R-S itself was active in NR research and promotion and produced a wide range of publications. A list of these earlier publications can be found elsewhere on this website.3 y5 Y0 q) j, ~ g: f& o# A9 W1 _
+ p E$ N; |! z- x9 G6 n) z; UThe Rubber-Stichting, however, cannot accept any liability with respect to the contents of these publications." x* i; [+ w: W. j" H4 t) A
Rubber Balls of the Aztecs
4 k. a7 G+ K r& j$ }6 aThe Rubber Foundations' Sixty Years of Research and Promotion of Natural Rubber( t3 |" v5 z8 k9 Y
60th Anniversary of the Rubber-Stichting (NR6)
) T$ I! f' i, V0 D% K7 R, R( \Series "From the history of rubber":
! e/ ]/ I' R2 a+ i {0 T The earliest history (NR20)' Z- |" i _) G
The rise of the rubber industry (NR21)
+ I) \4 q, V( B3 F/ `" D The introduction of Hevea Brasiliensis in the Far East (NR24)
7 i+ a) [/ {/ o- w* _ The Growing Rubber Culture (NR25)
% f& G- e6 h [ The rise of the industry (NR26)
, \- Q3 G; @( _! F4 o* ~ Competition, fall and recovery (NR27)5 d. {" G; e A4 H6 g# a
The efficient use of environmentally-friendly NR latex (NRL) in road construction - past, present and the future (NR37)
3 v4 |4 m) \& h$ k! W" u% c% E! a# t: `& T* j
The Future Development of Natural Rubber Production and Quality in Indonesia. j# m1 ~ V: j4 Z2 g1 s
Quality and Processing Aspects of Natural Rubber
2 d3 _& C( f3 L- W2 Z1 }- I0 rIndonesian Natural Rubber (NR3)
& X" v5 ~# k8 oDeproteinised Natural Rubber (NR27)
, a. a5 u* L: L; d" PA general review of recent developments on chemical modification of NR (NR28)/ d/ g9 B( ^4 y- e& q* e( K5 a s
Novel Ionic Thermoplastic Elastomer based on NR (NR28)+ Q" @! L1 f2 e# p
Structural characterization of Natural Poyisoprenes; solve the mystery of Natural Rubber (NR33) e' [% M3 [9 k( R9 r3 ?
Storage of raw NR and compounds based on NR (NR36)6 a+ T0 y% g. [! @# M
7 ^! m/ F/ v( [2 E1 jProduction, Processing and Properties& b: A1 A2 e' Q% s9 X! S
Industrial rubber roll coverings
4 X- H0 F: F/ {, s% t0 B/ PProcessing Aids
3 X7 [) ?# `) R8 ` \; mRecycling strategie voor banden (NR2)
, V& ]6 Y+ a( ?; H8 p& |' C# v" ?" q& bLatex technology part 1A, a review (NR29)
6 O0 {/ ~' |5 s8 G( m* Y7 j1 K/ ~Latex technology part 1B, a review (NR30)' |5 i+ ?1 M1 p! Q4 y- b
Latex technology part 2, tube extrusion (NR31)
4 t( c. L7 j: d# I9 b; |Rubber Technology part 1, dry NR technology (NR35)
+ p/ Y9 u6 ?- yRubber Technology part 4, Processing (NR39)
1 W% R4 m. x2 ], J9 ~Rubber Technology part 5, Vulcanisation (NR40)
t% O$ v( M" D3 V
% q$ b3 \: H! d6 E$ c9 lCompounding rules ad tools for engineering8 \: Z, a; F# P+ ~, U( S
Latest Developments in NR-additives Technology S1 L7 Z8 L( ?9 _8 f
Developments in Stabilisers for Natural Rubber Latex Compounds( B5 E8 }, |+ d3 w+ G: L, O, h
Accelerators and Reversion Modifiers for Natural Rubber" {- k0 v1 A/ R2 d Y3 x
Effective Protection of Natural Rubber
9 v- M6 e, x: A+ i; E6 W; sOrganosilanes and Silicas in Natural Rubber
! |" ~; Z2 ?5 OProcessing Aids
5 n* Y* r% v, S; _+ SResins in Natural Rubber
% l. g" t& f1 ^' I# [; pWitte roeten (NR4)
7 k; e, S- l/ u! d' \Witte roeten: stand der techniek in de rubberindustrie anno 1996 (NR4)' O# X! ]8 X6 A
Coupling agents in silica-filled tyre rubbers (NR29)
4 I% }& K# h& A/ bRubber Technology part 3, Compounding (NR38)
6 N( Q1 R: l. }: H$ ~5 y4 K+ xMould fouling of tyres (NR42)
! k0 h4 k+ w) a" x8 m V
& u; ?( K5 m" P* A/ EProduction, Processing and Properties# {8 |4 z9 Z- t* M+ F% \
Engineering with natural rubber$ i4 { u+ Z! B- k
Literature on rubber in engineering) x% A9 C% x0 ]2 a* B9 E; z
Engineering Aspects of Natural Rubber - Part I. Properties and Applications*
7 C: {& U( {: n/ V" D/ I3 a' y: \Engineering Aspects of Natural Rubber - Part II. Finite Element and Fatigue Life Analysis*, n0 D7 }( x/ X
Condooms (NR2), }! t+ U/ Z; c- v
Quality and Processing Aspects of Natural Rubber (NR5)/ N" H% g/ x# S
Marc Computer Programs for Rubber in Engineering Applications (NR13)+ |# ?, w, s9 h( ~5 b- G* j5 Y
Rubber Analysis with Diana (NR13)
' D: r! k7 V- k: O( c+ L9 oA Time-dependent Constitutive Model for Rubbers (NR13)" e. E. d" b6 {5 D O9 d
Developments in Testing (NR23)1 x3 y* U* x( E. r) g2 |
The Rubber Process Analyzer 2000 (NR23)
( o! V% T. ~$ t; L# v5 [Developments in Low Temperature Testing of Rubber Materials (NR23)' z7 u& d' Q, f$ j, r# ^( D3 n
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (NR23)5 \; T4 B' p4 G: `: f- }1 P
The Automated Analysis of NR using the ATAS Focus Sample Preparation Robot and Direct TD-GC/MS (NR23)4 U: ?7 m' ^: C
Prediction of Life Time of (Natural) Rubber Products (NR23) c; j4 z- n) G: I$ y3 K7 u" g- O! ?
Shearography (NR23)
/ l/ w0 ~) F6 d7 Z' A) G# lProperties of highly grafted Polystyrene-modified NR (NR28)
4 x( w, Z2 ]9 Q% }% e9 ~& vAccelerated and long-term ageing of NR vulcanizates (NR36)
$ ?1 W4 n4 q. m$ W2 M T. _& rEffect of long-term immersion of seawater on NR - A review(NR36)
2 ~7 B* F- J$ ]; {* G7 VEffect of air and seawater oxidation on the mechanical failure of NR (NR36)
: A" c: A% L" \. }# K$ U# i0 I: iThermal ageing on the quasi-static properties of NR (NR36)6 e0 ?2 i2 n9 P) M8 x2 C; T! l( `, `: F
Storage of raw NR and compounds based on NR (NR36)- z7 N0 y/ P2 ^6 A, B
Rubber Technology part 2, Testing and Certification of the raw rubber (NR37)
$ f6 i; H% ?6 ^" |. |+ b. a; o. c Z$ B5 n" ~. Q) b% r
Ecological Advantages of NR Latex Production4 h+ h# U. F1 `& r
Latex Protein Allergy: Some Questions, G! K& @) j5 y& j8 t) y" X
Environmental Issues and Challenges in the European Latex Industry* }' k8 ~4 J; X5 ?1 W) r n
Natural Rubber for Medical Devices$ c0 @5 H$ L. T7 g! R s4 m$ p$ p
SPECIAL REPORT Latex Protein Allergy, Evaluation of the Modified Lowry Method
$ p$ a' I) v/ P1 tStudy on Latex Protein Allergy
4 e: d& j- g$ S# ? ZRubber and Allergy; v! r& `- ?9 h
Natuurrubber, een groene grondstof (NR2)
# q) ~6 B3 T. f6 ?Latex allergie (NR2), r5 ?* h4 p& |
Nitrosaminen (NR2)9 ^7 N: ], {6 M1 X k: V
Nitrosamines (transl. NR2)2 @3 B! e$ K4 K& C: l! {- e
Medical Rubber Products and Allergy (NR6)( k. L% y# h B) Z4 `/ H/ T
Global warming and NR production (NR28)
[- ~5 q( G4 ^. U" `Cleaning with Natural Rubber Latex – an unexpected application (NR30)
& S, ?; \! G# T! _, j7 ~8 gNitrosamines in condoms, a risk? (NR34)8 r- T+ s0 Z% W& [" @
Latex allergy and mattrasses (NR35)# e% Z# z" F8 @ _4 j
Eliminating nitrosamines in natural rubber latex products (NR41)
8 \. j& b; s7 |: mLatex 2006 conference a great success (NR41)
. Z* d$ m$ d$ ~7 N# FNitrosamines (continuation) (NR42) ; Q) n/ e( v: a# T; B
$ h Y; B6 G0 [/ ~, P
Natural Rubber in the New Millennium
7 w" l( M5 [( U3 Z) i& sTermination of the International Natural Rubber Agreement
3 d% F" L) G( m) rProspects for natural rubber after the crisis in Asia6 [/ h- D0 z/ X
Dipped goods: changes in use and regulations)
1 ~: b) y% y. K. b6 n1 H% ^" QNitrosamines (transl. NR2)
" {- {! o1 c! Y! V; @De prijs van natuurrubber: blijvend hoog! (NR2)
2 x5 C* F0 A& [2 B/ G( ~9 ^$ g7 l+ G! a9 LInternationale samenwerking natuurrubber (NR4). a/ @ w5 l% x1 S1 ?
Annual Reports of the Rubber-Stichting Information:9 P9 h) F0 o/ o. h7 a
1996-1997 (NR10)( c( G& V1 G9 N( y
1998 (NR14)
# F! f. k' S Q$ |) M9 H 1999 (NR18)
* T1 b8 z: ~9 M- d* Z8 e+ V" } 2000 (NR22)
4 t0 u5 ]& b/ ^& l; ^; B( ^Company visits (NR22)4 O0 f+ s a4 f% ~1 m- _2 _
L.Wurfbain & Co. B.V. (NR21)
' c: ]& L4 u! ]% F. A: bEnkev (NR24)
) p! Y1 K6 f+ o+ L! d6 LRubber Resources (NR25)
# U/ Q$ D; W( v$ n1 i( [1 WRubber Industry Soest (NR26)
7 E: p$ }& J A' {$ TNatural Rubber, polymer industry's ultimate resort? (NR28)5 c) e$ u. R& ^% \" ?3 R) C' u1 A
Exciting times ahead for NR (NR28) C, T$ M7 x/ x1 N
Substitution between natural and synthetic: which way? About availability and strategies (NR28)
2 g# ?( a8 S& v/ ]+ X& uWho or what to believe on the price of Natural Rubber in 2005? (NR38)
0 q3 _: p" e. Y% L( ^8 c6 PImpossible to predict as speculators rule (NR39)" `5 s( F+ i" m- m
The changing outlook for Natural Rubber (NR40)
( j9 l+ k% O; u! E: d/ rOutlook for Natural Rubber (NR41)
( E) F6 n: q% ]' T# YNatural rubber prices during 2006 and the current outlook (NR41)
: U# `+ H! b# }/ A+ \ a0 l+ y7 F' K# X# O
Rubber in the building industry- ^7 V# `, [8 v% _( C0 i
Natural Rubber Bearings for Seismic Protection (NR13)
$ W& v9 N3 d7 TBearings for the Maeslantkering (NR13)! z* C/ N @ l
Rubber in the Building Industry (NR13)
( l5 I. y/ _* F( g4 MNatural Rubber Mooring Buoys (NR32)
' n/ l; w4 C! E2 K" [( C( ENatural Rubber in Engineering High-speed Tyres (NR32)6 C4 |" F/ t H; v2 h9 S/ o
Natural Rubber for Fashion (NR32)) U1 b( M" h5 j4 s& ]7 z* v
Protecting Buildings from Earth Quake Damage with NR (NR32) Q8 d; e( H' a) m# q$ P
Bungee Jump Cord with Natural Rubber (NR32)
- B/ U0 v4 U: p1 }. s& z) TLatex allergy and mattrasses (NR35). y( b) w1 y. Q% n+ ]- s
2 P7 J0 w- y" v% s {Is it possible to produce balloons that do not deflate quickly? (NR21)
1 f' M! f- w% r9 \How long can Natural Rubber function in an application? (NR22)
8 ~; M& [' U" ^- CWhat about certification and (natural) rubber products? (NR23)# N$ i2 M+ k: p
Can natural rubber be a substitute for synthetic rubber? (NR24) m2 m; }1 T/ ?: G( E3 G0 R [
Is Natural Rubber Recyclable? (NR25)
' x3 r# J4 t2 N3 m- gIs it possible to re-use old bridge bearings? (NR27)$ U% F* n# Y0 V _
Why should O-rings on a rotating shaft be mounted without tensile stress? (NR29)
! g! K8 O; o8 ]! [$ HHow green is Natural Rubber? (NR30)
" F; d( \2 t( o4 ]" {: BWhy is natural rubber used in so many applications? (NR31): f/ Z9 ^+ k- l3 g
I know that in the past many products were made of ebonite. What is ebonite and is it still being used these days? (NR33)$ r& ~& N! H5 R, T$ K0 F: K0 U# r
I've heard that crystallization of Natural Rubber can have positive as well as negative effects. How is that? (NR34
5 r$ r) F: n5 h( r& l' T$ Y; gWhat can we expect from nano-technology in relation to Natural Rubber? (NR35)* L; Y' N) q; b8 [
Do condoms age rapidly? (NR36)' z/ q( Z8 D. U% e* v; |( i( [
Rubber in asphalt, a new development? (NR37)4 k) O# F, r r, L8 b2 H
How important is flame retardancy for Natural Rubber products? (NR38)" X- G/ L9 i1 U4 h; ^3 P9 a
What is liquid Natural Rubber? (NR39) What does ‘mechanical stability of latex’ mean? (NR41) n0 U% k1 v# k
: [) t3 e/ j' J }, p8 X- x4 Z
Latex Technology part 1A, a review (NR29)- s& m! S# I' g. z5 K1 X" v$ D
Latex Technology part 1B, a review (NR30)4 R9 y1 X, m4 G% J& N
Latex Technology part 2, processing (NR31)# V# c5 D* z+ _! { B$ D8 |
Rubber Technology part 1, Dry NR technology (NR35)
) N- e8 h6 C: m: x, V0 Q- LRubber Technology part 2, Testing and certification of the raw rubber (NR37)8 ?! A/ @. _* i/ p3 j1 q& e$ F8 w j
Rubber Technology part 3, Compounding (NR38)% K, A4 d5 f4 @ M* }
Rubber Technology part 4, Processing (NR39)$ C) O. X, U- c$ x9 ^- c8 b) f- k+ a
Rubber Technology part 5, Vulcanisation (NR40)- D" @! m& v) I' }! N
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